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The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between c. 322 and 187 BCE. Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the eastern side of the Indian subcontinent, the empire had its capital city at Pataliputra (modern Patna).[2][3] The empire was the largest to have ever existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning over 5 million square kilometres at its zenith under Ashoka.

Chandragupta Maurya raised an army and with the assistance of Chanakya (also known as Kauṭilya),[4] overthrew the Nanda Empire in c. 322 BCE and rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western India taking advantage of the disruptions caused by the withdrawal westward of Alexander the Great's armies. By 316 BCE the empire had fully occupied Northwestern India, defeating and conquering the satraps left by Alexander.[5][unreliable source?] Chandragupta then defeated the invasion led by Seleucus I, a Macedonian general from Alexander's army, gaining additional territory west of the Indus River.[6]

The Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires of the world in its time. At its greatest extent, the empire stretched to the north along the natural boundaries of the Himalayas, to the east into Assam, to the west into Balochistan (southwest Pakistan and southeast Iran) and the Hindu Kush mountains of what is now Afghanistan.[7] The Empire was expanded into India's central and southern regions[8][9] by the emperors Chandragupta and Bindusara, but it excluded a small portion of unexplored tribal and forested regions near Kalinga (modern Odisha), until it was conquered by Ashoka.[10] It declined for about 50 years after Ashoka's rule ended, and it dissolved in 185 BCE with the foundation of the Shunga dynasty in Magadha.

孔雀帝国是由旃陀罗笈多其中占主导地位C的古印度成立了一个地理上广泛的铁器时代的历史动力。 322和187 BCE。从摩揭陀在印度河 - 恒河平原的印度次大陆的东侧王国发起，帝国在巴连弗邑（现代巴特那）有它的省会城市。[2] [3]帝国是在印度次大陆曾经存在的最大的，在其阿育王下顶点跨越5000000平方公里。

旃陀罗笈多起兵并与Chanakya的协助（也称为考底利亚），[4]推翻了南大帝国在C。 322 BCE和迅速扩大自己的权力向西穿过印度中部和西部服用造成的退西进的亚历山大大帝的军队在混乱的优势。由316 BCE帝国已经完全占领印度西北部，击败和征服亚历山大留下的专制者。[5] [不可靠的来源？]旃陀罗笈多然后击败由塞琉古一世，从亚历山大的军队马其顿将军率领的入侵，获得额外领土西部印度河。[6]

孔雀帝国是世界上在其当时最大的帝国之一。在其最大程度，帝国延伸到喜马拉雅山脉的自然边界的北部，向东到阿萨姆邦，向西进入俾路支省（西南巴基斯坦和东南伊朗）和现在的阿富汗兴都库什山脉。[7 ]在帝国扩展到印度中部和南部地区[8] [9]由皇帝旃陀罗笈多和宾头娑罗，但它排除了未开发的部落和森林地区的卡林加（现代奥里萨邦）附近的一个小部分，直到它被阿育王征服。[ 10]它下降了大约50年后，阿育王的统治结束了，它溶解在185 BCE与顺加王朝在摩揭陀的基础。

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